Magma is molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface. It is formed deep within the mantle or lower crust and contains gases and crystals. It can remain underground for extended periods in magma chambers before rising to the surface.

When magma reaches the Earth's surface during a volcanic eruption, it is called lava. Lava loses much of its gas content upon eruption and quickly cools and solidifies to form volcanic rocks like basalt or rhyolite.

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