Iceland’s volcanic activity is influenced by its position on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Icelandic mantle plume. This leads to three main types of magma, classified by their chemical composition:
Mafic Magma (Basaltic)
Common Rock: Basalt
Example: Eruptions from the Laki fissure (1783) and the Fagradalsfjall eruption (2021).
Intermediate Magma (Andesitic)
Common Rock: Andesite
Example: Often found at stratovolcanoes like Hekla, which predominantly erupts andesitic magma.
Felsic Magma (Rhyolitic)
Common Rocks: Rhyolite, obsidian
Example: Explosive eruptions at Torfajökull or Askja central volcano.
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